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<p>The uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate depressive symptoms and suicide risk; however, the specific role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in this context is not well understood. To investigate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study from June 10–18, 2021, with 6,309 students from six colleges in Guangdong, China. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) scale, and a demographics survey. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) to examine risk factors. LCA revealed four distinct subgroups: a low-symptom group (35.57%), a moderate-symptom group (20.97%), a major-symptom/low suicide risk group (17.88%), and a major-symptom/high suicide risk group (25.58%). Students with high IU were more likely to report severe suicidal ideation (OR = 14.14, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Although female students were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (OR = 1.55, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), male students exhibited more severe symptoms once depression occurred (OR = 0.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Students with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to not exercise, be from an uninfected area, be unvaccinated, and have experienced a more severe economic impact on their family from the epidemic. During the epidemic, it may be beneficial for future work to consider strategies that decrease the level of IU for college students, strengthen the psychological intervention for female students and the male students with depressive symptoms, improve the popularizing rate of vaccination, and promote physical exercise among college students.</p>

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Subgroups of depressive symptoms determined by a latent class analysis in a Chinese college students population during COVID-19

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Cong Luo,
  • Jiahong Li,
  • Lili Liu,
  • Andi Huang,
  • Xiayong Wang,
  • Rongning Chen,
  • Jingbo Zhao

摘要

The uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate depressive symptoms and suicide risk; however, the specific role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in this context is not well understood. To investigate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study from June 10–18, 2021, with 6,309 students from six colleges in Guangdong, China. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) scale, and a demographics survey. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) to examine risk factors. LCA revealed four distinct subgroups: a low-symptom group (35.57%), a moderate-symptom group (20.97%), a major-symptom/low suicide risk group (17.88%), and a major-symptom/high suicide risk group (25.58%). Students with high IU were more likely to report severe suicidal ideation (OR = 14.14, p < 0.001). Although female students were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (OR = 1.55, p < 0.001), male students exhibited more severe symptoms once depression occurred (OR = 0.73, p < 0.001). Students with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to not exercise, be from an uninfected area, be unvaccinated, and have experienced a more severe economic impact on their family from the epidemic. During the epidemic, it may be beneficial for future work to consider strategies that decrease the level of IU for college students, strengthen the psychological intervention for female students and the male students with depressive symptoms, improve the popularizing rate of vaccination, and promote physical exercise among college students.