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<p>This study aims to characterize the behavioral and brain activation patterns of athletes experiencing mind wandering (MW) during competition.&#xa0;Behavioral measures and functional near-infrared spectroscopic (fNIRS) were used to investigate differences in the behavioral performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation patterns of 73 athletes during sustained attention to response tasks (SART) of varying difficulty levels in high- and low-pressure situations.&#xa0;The frequency of MW in athletes during tasks was 34.0%. No significant differences were found in frequency and type of MW under competitive pressure and different task difficulties. The right dorsolateral PFC (R-DLPFC) was significantly activated in the MW state, with higher activation levels in meta-conscious MW. This activation was affected by task difficulty, with the right ventrolateral PFC (R-VLPFC) showing stronger activation during complex tasks.&#xa0;The occurrence of MW in athletes during tasks is related to the R-DLPFC. Meta-conscious MW is also associated with the R-DLPFC. The activation levels of the R-VLPFC vary with task difficulty. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing a neurofeedback intervention program for task-state MW.</p>

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Characteristics of athletes’ mind wandering during sustained attention to response tasks under competitive pressure: Evidence from behavior and fNIRS

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Yuming Ma,
  • Jieling Li

摘要

This study aims to characterize the behavioral and brain activation patterns of athletes experiencing mind wandering (MW) during competition. Behavioral measures and functional near-infrared spectroscopic (fNIRS) were used to investigate differences in the behavioral performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation patterns of 73 athletes during sustained attention to response tasks (SART) of varying difficulty levels in high- and low-pressure situations. The frequency of MW in athletes during tasks was 34.0%. No significant differences were found in frequency and type of MW under competitive pressure and different task difficulties. The right dorsolateral PFC (R-DLPFC) was significantly activated in the MW state, with higher activation levels in meta-conscious MW. This activation was affected by task difficulty, with the right ventrolateral PFC (R-VLPFC) showing stronger activation during complex tasks. The occurrence of MW in athletes during tasks is related to the R-DLPFC. Meta-conscious MW is also associated with the R-DLPFC. The activation levels of the R-VLPFC vary with task difficulty. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing a neurofeedback intervention program for task-state MW.