<p>Previous research has explored the effects of emotional cue valence and arousal on Event-Based Prospective Memory (EBPM), but the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. The current study employed Event-Related Potential (ERP) technology, utilized a one-back task paradigm, and manipulated both the valence and arousal of emotional cues. Behavioral analyses revealed that the main effect of emotional cue arousal was the only significant factor. Electrophysiological data indicated that, in the occipital-parietal region, high-arousal cues elicited significantly higher N300 amplitudes compared to low-arousal cues, but only when the emotional cues had a neutral valence. Similarly, in the frontal region, high-arousal cues elicited significantly higher frontal positivity amplitudes than low-arousal cues. In contrast, in the parietal region, high-arousal cues with positive valence elicited significantly higher parietal positivity amplitudes compared to low-arousal cues, primarily due to the recognition old-new effect. These findings suggest that arousal is a key factor influencing EBPM. Specifically, for emotionally neutral cues, high-arousal cues appear to attract more bottom-up attention for detecting prospective memory cues in the environment. For positively valenced emotional cues, high-arousal cues seem to engage more top-down processing resources for intentional retrieval. Thus, arousal has distinct effects on the neural mechanisms underlying EBPM, depending on the valence of the emotional cues.</p>