<p>The adapted Posner spatial cue-target paradigm was used to explore the relationship between exogenous temporal attention induced by rhythm and endogenous and exogenous spatial attention. The cues were repeated four or five times at a fixed interval, with targets presented early, synchronous, or late. In Experiment 1, arrow cues were used to orient endogenous spatial attention. Reaction times (RTs) were faster for attended than unattended targets, with RTs being faster for synchronous and late conditions than the early condition and for the late than synchronous condition. The interaction between spatial and temporal attention was not significant. Exogenous spatial attention was directed by highlighting the cue box in Experiment 2. Inhibition of return was observed only with early-four stimulus repetitions. The interaction between spatial and temporal attention was significant. The interaction between temporal attention, spatial attention, and stimulus repetition was significant. The results showed that rhythmic temporal attention conformed to foreperiod effects, and temporal and endogenous spatial attention did not interact but influenced each other when both were exogenous. This study demonstrated that attention can be rhythmically directed both in time and space, and that temporal attention differed from endogenous and exogenous spatial attention. It provided empirical evidence for future research on the processing of attention in health and disease.</p>