The metadehumanization induction task: a new paradigm to measure dehumanization feelings
摘要
Metadehumanization (the feeling of being considered as less than human by others) constitutes a blooming research field in psychology. However, the available tasks manipulating metadehumanization are suboptimal, notably because they are based on feedback generating negative emotions and thus hamper the specific measure of metadehumanization. We created a task specifically inducing metadehumanization, the Metadehumanization Induction Task, and tested its validity among 324 healthy participants. A cover story first instructed participants that the task evaluates human social cognition processes. They had then to (1) produce social cognition evaluations on interpersonal stimuli; (2) determine the human nature of similar evaluations performed by other humans or computer-based; (3) read other individuals’ judgements on the human nature of their own productions (i.e., whether they believed it was produced by the participant or by a computer). This third phase elicited feelings of humanization or dehumanization, each participant taking part in three counterbalanced conditions: humanization, dehumanization and re-humanization. We recorded metadehumanization (measured with a validated 13-item questionnaire) and negative emotions at baseline and after each condition. The task successfully induced specific metadehumanization, distinct from negative emotions. It also re-humanized participants after dehumanization. The Metadehumanization Induction Task is thus easy to implement, can be conducted offline or online, is adapted for neuroscience explorations, and can dehumanize and/or (re-)humanize participants. It constitutes the first tool specifically manipulating metadehumanization and measuring its consequences.