<p>Gender role attitudes (GRA) have been closely associated with adolescent psychosocial adjustment. The present study investigated the factor structure, measurement invariance, known-groups validity, and convergent validity of the Chinese version of the <i>Attitudes toward Women Scale for Adolescents (AWSA-C)</i>, in two separate Samples of Chinese adolescents. In Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 2142, <i>M</i>_<i>age</i> = 16.4), <i>k-</i>fold cross validation factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure. The scale demonstrated invariance across gender, sexual orientation, and urbanicity, as well as known-groups validity across these grouping variables and convergent validity through associations with sexism. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 3156, <i>M</i>_<i>age</i> = 14.9), the model had inadequate fit, particularly with dating and academic items, which were potentially linked to sample diversity. Model fit was achieved by removing these items, and the resultant model demonstrated invariance across gender, sexual orientation, age groups, urbanicity, and school types, as well as known-groups validity. Across both studies, the two-factor model showed item-keying effect, with ceiling effects on the regular-keyed factor, potentially associated with social desirability. Our study demonstrates the initial applicability of the scale in Chinese adolescents. Future research is suggested to examine the utility of dating and academic items in younger, more diverse, and geographically representative adolescent samples, as well as the overall utility of the scale in other East Asian societies.</p>