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<p><i>Background</i>.&#xa0;Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and social anxiety are often related, but the symptom-to-symptom associations between them is still in debate. Inspired by the network approach to psychopathology that conceptualizes comorbidity as a natural consequence arising from bridge symptoms that can transmit activation from one disorder to the other, we applied network analysis to characterize the associations between the PSU and social anxiety, and explored whether there were gender differences in network models.&#xa0;<i>Methods</i>.&#xa0;PSU and social anxiety severity was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) respectively. 556 participants were screened to conceptualize the comorbidity of PSU and social anxiety. Network analysis was used to select symptoms for the study model, identify potential pathways (i.e., bridge symptoms) between the two conditions, and compare network models between men and women samples.&#xa0;<i>Results</i>.&#xa0;There was a positive correlation between PSU and social anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Social difficulties and self-control were the bridge symptoms between PSU and social anxiety. Fear of talking to authority figures and missing plans were the bridge symptoms of internet connectivity symptoms in women. An inability to tolerate the absence of mobile phones and the fear of being ignored in groups were the bridge symptoms of internet connectivity in men. The network differences between women and men were non-significant.&#xa0;<i>Conclusion</i>.&#xa0;Network analysis showed how PSU and social anxiety are interrelated. Implications of the bridge symptoms for PSU and social anxiety are discussed.</p>

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The comorbidity of problematic smartphone use and social anxiety: evidence from a network analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Chen Liu,
  • Haibo Yang,
  • Zhiqiang Hao

摘要

Background. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and social anxiety are often related, but the symptom-to-symptom associations between them is still in debate. Inspired by the network approach to psychopathology that conceptualizes comorbidity as a natural consequence arising from bridge symptoms that can transmit activation from one disorder to the other, we applied network analysis to characterize the associations between the PSU and social anxiety, and explored whether there were gender differences in network models. Methods. PSU and social anxiety severity was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) respectively. 556 participants were screened to conceptualize the comorbidity of PSU and social anxiety. Network analysis was used to select symptoms for the study model, identify potential pathways (i.e., bridge symptoms) between the two conditions, and compare network models between men and women samples. Results. There was a positive correlation between PSU and social anxiety (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). Social difficulties and self-control were the bridge symptoms between PSU and social anxiety. Fear of talking to authority figures and missing plans were the bridge symptoms of internet connectivity symptoms in women. An inability to tolerate the absence of mobile phones and the fear of being ignored in groups were the bridge symptoms of internet connectivity in men. The network differences between women and men were non-significant. Conclusion. Network analysis showed how PSU and social anxiety are interrelated. Implications of the bridge symptoms for PSU and social anxiety are discussed.