<p>The objective of this study was to comprehend the underlying mechanism through which job self-efficacy influences job burnout among Chinese construction workers, and to validate the mediating role played by negative emotions, life satisfaction, and professional identity in the relationship between job self-efficacy and job burnout. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample size of 912 construction workers employed by a large state-owned construction company in China.The findings revealed that: (a) Job self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and professional identity exhibited negative correlations with job burnout, while negative emotions showed a positive correlation; (b) The research results generally support the hypothesis that job self-efficacy impacts job burnout through the mediating effects of negative emotions, life satisfaction, and professional identity; (c) The strength of mediation was as follows: life satisfaction had the strongest mediating effect followed by negative emotions and then professional identity. These results indicate that job self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and professional identity can effectively alleviate job burnout among construction workers,negative emotion is a significant factor affecting job burnout. This pathway provides valuable guidance for construction companies seeking to mitigate employee's experience of job burnout.</p>