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<p>Depression is a prevalent and complex mental health condition that requires accurate tools for assessment. However, many existing scales are based on outdated diagnostic criteria or lack cross-cultural applicability. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese version of Depressive Disorders Scale (DDS), according to the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). A total of 797 vocational school students participated in this study. Item analysis showed strong item discrimination. The internal consistency of the DDS was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.961), while test-retest reliability over one month was moderate (<i>r</i> = 0.560). Factor analysis supported a predominantly unidimensional structure, with Exploratory Factor Analysis revealing one factor that accounted for 71.51% of the total variance, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirming the structure (CFI = 0.925, RMSEA = 0.085). Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by a significant correlation with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (<i>r</i> = 0.740, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The DDS identified an overall prevalence of depression of 3.9% using its clinical scoring method, which was relatively lower compared to the PHQ-9 (22.2%), and this difference may reflect differences in the diagnostic criteria used by the two scales. Measurement invariance across gender was confirmed, supporting the DDS’s broad applicability. In the clinical context, it is recommended to use the 0/1 scoring method from this study for aiding in the assessment and potential diagnosis of depression. To sum up, the DDS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents, providing an updated instrument aligned with contemporary diagnostic criteria.</p>

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Development and validation of the Chinese version of depressive disorders scale (DDS): diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder based on ICD-11

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Shuwei Hao,
  • Xueting Zhang

摘要

Depression is a prevalent and complex mental health condition that requires accurate tools for assessment. However, many existing scales are based on outdated diagnostic criteria or lack cross-cultural applicability. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese version of Depressive Disorders Scale (DDS), according to the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). A total of 797 vocational school students participated in this study. Item analysis showed strong item discrimination. The internal consistency of the DDS was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.961), while test-retest reliability over one month was moderate (r = 0.560). Factor analysis supported a predominantly unidimensional structure, with Exploratory Factor Analysis revealing one factor that accounted for 71.51% of the total variance, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirming the structure (CFI = 0.925, RMSEA = 0.085). Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by a significant correlation with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (r = 0.740, p < 0.001). The DDS identified an overall prevalence of depression of 3.9% using its clinical scoring method, which was relatively lower compared to the PHQ-9 (22.2%), and this difference may reflect differences in the diagnostic criteria used by the two scales. Measurement invariance across gender was confirmed, supporting the DDS’s broad applicability. In the clinical context, it is recommended to use the 0/1 scoring method from this study for aiding in the assessment and potential diagnosis of depression. To sum up, the DDS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents, providing an updated instrument aligned with contemporary diagnostic criteria.