<p>This study explored the combined effects of parental styles and personality traits on bullying and victimization among adolescents, and examined whether personality traits mediate the relationship between parenting styles and these behaviors. By analyzing survey data from 1284 Chinese middle school students, we found that both parenting styles and personalities significantly influence bullying/victimization. Specifically, authoritative parenting was associated with a lower risk of both bullying and victimization, while authoritarian parenting was related to a higher risk of both. Permissive parenting was linked to a higher risk of bullying only. In terms of personality traits, higher agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with reduced bullying, whereas higher agreeableness and lower neuroticism were related to reduced victimization. Importantly, parenting styles indirectly affected adolescents’ bullying/victimization through certain personality traits. The effect of authoritative parenting on bullying was mediated by agreeableness and conscientiousness, and its effect on victimization was mediated via agreeableness and neuroticism. Neuroticism also mediated the relationship between authoritarian parenting and victimization. These findings provide valuable insights for developing more targeted and effective strategies to prevent bullying and victimization among adolescents.</p>