<p>The present research aimed to investigate the motivational antecedents of antimafia action. Based on the quest for significance theory, we posited antimafia action, defined as an extreme behavior as it exposes the risk of revenge and reprisals from mafias, to be motivated by the need to protect personal dignity and significance. More specifically, we hypothesized that the anticipated loss of significance that may derive from failing to take a stand against mafia organizations (i.e., the need to protect dignity and respect in the eyes of themselves and of future generations), would predict self-sacrifice for the antimafia cause and subsequent antimafia action intentions, through the effects of two parallel mechanisms: (a) a stronger endorsement of altruistic values, and (b) stronger intentions to affiliate with antimafia groups. Results of two cross-sectional surveys gave support to the hypothesis. Overall, this research suggests a motivational dynamic that may be at the heart of antimafia action.</p>