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<p>This study validated the Japanese version of the Submissive Behaviour Scale (SBS) and explored its relationships with depression and depression-related cognitive characteristics within a Japanese population. A total of 499 participants were recruited through an online platform and completed the Japanese version of the SBS, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Social Comparison Scale (SCS), the Rumination Response Scale (RRS), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to examine the scale’s structure. Correlation and partial correlation analyses were performed to investigate associations between submissive behavior, depressive symptoms, and cognitive processes. The Japanese version of the SBS demonstrated strong internal consistency (α =.855, ω =.858) and a robust single-factor structure, excluding one item due to cultural differences. Submissive behavior was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (<i>r</i> =.533, <i>p</i> &lt;.001), social comparison subscales (rank: <i>r</i> = -.636, group fit: <i>r</i> = -.650, <i>p</i> &lt;.001), and subjective economic satisfaction (<i>r</i> = -.356, <i>p</i> &lt;.001). It was also correlated with brooding (<i>r</i> =.640, <i>p</i> &lt;.001) and reappraisal (<i>r</i> = -.393, <i>p</i>&lt;.001), suggesting its pervasive role in depression-related cognitive processes. Partial correlation analyses revealed that brooding and emotional suppression remained associated with submissive behavior even after controlling for depressive symptoms, indicating intrinsic links independent of depression. This study affirms the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the SBS, supporting its application in psychological assessment within a Japanese context. The findings provide evidence for the Social Rank Theory by demonstrating that submissive behavior is not only linked to depression but also influences cognitive processes such as rumination and emotion regulation. These results underscore the scale’s relevance for exploring the interplay between social hierarchy, behavior, and mental health.</p>

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Validation of the Japanese version of submissive behaviour scale and its relation to depressive-cognitive characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Akihiro Masuyama

摘要

This study validated the Japanese version of the Submissive Behaviour Scale (SBS) and explored its relationships with depression and depression-related cognitive characteristics within a Japanese population. A total of 499 participants were recruited through an online platform and completed the Japanese version of the SBS, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Social Comparison Scale (SCS), the Rumination Response Scale (RRS), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to examine the scale’s structure. Correlation and partial correlation analyses were performed to investigate associations between submissive behavior, depressive symptoms, and cognitive processes. The Japanese version of the SBS demonstrated strong internal consistency (α =.855, ω =.858) and a robust single-factor structure, excluding one item due to cultural differences. Submissive behavior was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (r =.533, p <.001), social comparison subscales (rank: r = -.636, group fit: r = -.650, p <.001), and subjective economic satisfaction (r = -.356, p <.001). It was also correlated with brooding (r =.640, p <.001) and reappraisal (r = -.393, p<.001), suggesting its pervasive role in depression-related cognitive processes. Partial correlation analyses revealed that brooding and emotional suppression remained associated with submissive behavior even after controlling for depressive symptoms, indicating intrinsic links independent of depression. This study affirms the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the SBS, supporting its application in psychological assessment within a Japanese context. The findings provide evidence for the Social Rank Theory by demonstrating that submissive behavior is not only linked to depression but also influences cognitive processes such as rumination and emotion regulation. These results underscore the scale’s relevance for exploring the interplay between social hierarchy, behavior, and mental health.