<p>Digital voice platforms provide a new channel for employees to engage in online voice behavior. Voice visibility as one fundamental characteristic of digital voice platforms garners the attention of scholars in voice research. Existing research has only focused on the effect of voice visibility on employee voice intention. However, no research has empirically investigated the relationship between voice visibility and online voice behavior. By combining conservation of resources theory with proactive motivation model, our research reveals the processes linking voice visibility to online voice behavior. 257 full-time employees from a large Chinese enterprise are adopted to examine the theoretical model. According to our results, voice visibility had a positive indirect effect on online voice behavior through voice efficacy and a negative indirect effect on online voice behavior through positive mood. Further, employees’ ability for thinking out solutions to voice moderated the relationship between voice visibility and online voice behavior through voice efficacy. Our research contributes a holistic perspective of the bright side and dark side effects of voice visibility on online voice behavior, which provides valuable management implications for effectively managing employee online voice behavior while introducing digital voice platforms in the enterprises.</p>