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<p>This study is the first to examine the <i>plausibility</i> of a network of <i>speculated</i> direct and indirect <i>causal</i> paths between general population Neuroticism, general population IQ, senior (65 years and over) socioeconomic status (SES), senior lifestyle Health Risk Factors, and senior Chronic Conditions using structural equation modelling (SEM). Focused on 2018–2019 with the 48 contiguous American states as analytic units, the final model showed four significant direct paths: Neuroticism to Chronic Conditions (β = 0.39), IQ to Chronic Conditions (β = − 0.25), SES to Health Risk Factors (β = − 0.80), and Health Risk Factors to Chronic Conditions (β = 0.34). SES also showed a significant indirect path through Health Risk Factors to Chronic Conditions (β = − 0.27). As well, neither Neuroticism nor IQ had an indirect impact through Health Risk Factors on Chronic Conditions, and SES also had no direct impact on Chronic Conditions. This final model accounted for 64% of the variance in Health Risk Factors and 57% of the variance in Chronic Conditions. SEM statistics showed a high goodness of fit (e.g., RMSEA = 0.046; CFI = 0.998; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.992; GFI = 0.974; SRMR = 0.037). Spatial lag adjustment for spatial autocorrelation revealed no <i>substantive</i> difference in the SEM results pattern. These results strongly suggest that neuroticism, IQ, and SES each should be treated as important sociodemographic variables within a multivariable framework in the prediction and explanation of lifestyle health risk factors and chronic conditions, and the relations of such health risk factors to chronic conditions.</p>

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State rates of multiple chronic conditions among older Americans: predictive capacity of neuroticism, IQ, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle health risk factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • Stewart J. H. McCann

摘要

This study is the first to examine the plausibility of a network of speculated direct and indirect causal paths between general population Neuroticism, general population IQ, senior (65 years and over) socioeconomic status (SES), senior lifestyle Health Risk Factors, and senior Chronic Conditions using structural equation modelling (SEM). Focused on 2018–2019 with the 48 contiguous American states as analytic units, the final model showed four significant direct paths: Neuroticism to Chronic Conditions (β = 0.39), IQ to Chronic Conditions (β = − 0.25), SES to Health Risk Factors (β = − 0.80), and Health Risk Factors to Chronic Conditions (β = 0.34). SES also showed a significant indirect path through Health Risk Factors to Chronic Conditions (β = − 0.27). As well, neither Neuroticism nor IQ had an indirect impact through Health Risk Factors on Chronic Conditions, and SES also had no direct impact on Chronic Conditions. This final model accounted for 64% of the variance in Health Risk Factors and 57% of the variance in Chronic Conditions. SEM statistics showed a high goodness of fit (e.g., RMSEA = 0.046; CFI = 0.998; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.992; GFI = 0.974; SRMR = 0.037). Spatial lag adjustment for spatial autocorrelation revealed no substantive difference in the SEM results pattern. These results strongly suggest that neuroticism, IQ, and SES each should be treated as important sociodemographic variables within a multivariable framework in the prediction and explanation of lifestyle health risk factors and chronic conditions, and the relations of such health risk factors to chronic conditions.