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<p>The purpose is to address various gaps in understanding and coping with different forms of discrimination. We examined discrimination through the new perspective of Type III traumas (continuous traumatic stress) and as a significant factor in minorities’ disparities in mental health and cognitive functioning. Additionally, we aim to explore&#xa0;the effectiveness of'the will to exist, live, resist, fight, and survive (WTELS-F) (e.g., activism)&#xa0;as a&#xa0;coping strategy for such continuous traumas, which were never evaluated. We used two samples, one from 11 Arab countries (N=2732) and one from Pakistan (N=350). We measured WTELS-F, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), COVID-19 stressors, anxiety, depression, executive functions, suicidality, cumulative traumas, resilience, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We conducted an independent sample t-test, correlations, structural equation modeling, and PROCESS macro. GD, intersected discrimination, and COVID-19 (continuous stressors) predicted higher depression, anxiety, PTSD, suicidality, and deficits in executive functions, while WTELS-F predicted lower scores in these variables and higher resilience and PTG. WTELS-F moderated the reduced impact of GD on mental health and seemed to counter the adverse effects of GD and other Type III stressors. The study provided evidence that WTELS-F translated into activism is a positive coping strategy for GD and other discriminations. The WTELS-F coping is associated with better mental health and executive functions. The study validated the conceptualization of discrimination as continuous traumatic stressors that negatively affect mental health and cognition. Activism and resistance in fighting gender and other discriminations are effective continuous traumatic stressors-focused interventions.</p>

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Coping with continuos traumatic stressers (gender discrimination, intersected discrimination and COVID-19): the will to exist, live, fight, resist and survive

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Ibrahim Kira,
  • Siddrah Irfan,
  • Hanaa Shuwiekh,
  • Mireille Bujold-Bugeaud

摘要

The purpose is to address various gaps in understanding and coping with different forms of discrimination. We examined discrimination through the new perspective of Type III traumas (continuous traumatic stress) and as a significant factor in minorities’ disparities in mental health and cognitive functioning. Additionally, we aim to explore the effectiveness of'the will to exist, live, resist, fight, and survive (WTELS-F) (e.g., activism) as a coping strategy for such continuous traumas, which were never evaluated. We used two samples, one from 11 Arab countries (N=2732) and one from Pakistan (N=350). We measured WTELS-F, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), COVID-19 stressors, anxiety, depression, executive functions, suicidality, cumulative traumas, resilience, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We conducted an independent sample t-test, correlations, structural equation modeling, and PROCESS macro. GD, intersected discrimination, and COVID-19 (continuous stressors) predicted higher depression, anxiety, PTSD, suicidality, and deficits in executive functions, while WTELS-F predicted lower scores in these variables and higher resilience and PTG. WTELS-F moderated the reduced impact of GD on mental health and seemed to counter the adverse effects of GD and other Type III stressors. The study provided evidence that WTELS-F translated into activism is a positive coping strategy for GD and other discriminations. The WTELS-F coping is associated with better mental health and executive functions. The study validated the conceptualization of discrimination as continuous traumatic stressors that negatively affect mental health and cognition. Activism and resistance in fighting gender and other discriminations are effective continuous traumatic stressors-focused interventions.