<p>Previous studies have demonstrated that poverty negatively affects cognitive performance and is associated with deficits in cortical areas or grey volumes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of poverty stereotype threat (PST) on attention bias. We hypothesized that PST would have different effects on attention bias in individuals with varying household incomes, and that these effects would be influenced by the characteristics of the stimuli being processed (such as expression and material types), which are highly relevant to attention bias and the threatened condition. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a dot-probe task with event-related potential (ERP) measures. Participants were instructed to identify the position of a dot after poverty- or affluence-related paired stimuli disappeared. The study found that lower household income participants allocated more attentional resources to the affluence-related stimuli under PST, while higher household income participants allocated more attentional resources to the poverty-related stimuli. These findings demonstrate the contrasting effects of PST, which depend on the characteristics of the stimuli and the individuals themselves. Specifically, the study found a positive effect of PST on attention bias in lower-income individuals and a negative effect on attention bias in higher-income individuals.</p>