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<p>Attachment styles influence mental health and sleep patterns in adulthood, but their relationship with unusual sleep experiences is underexplored. This study investigated how attachment dimensions (secure, anxious, avoidant) relate to the frequency of unusual sleep experiences—including general sleep experiences and lucid dreaming —in depressed patients versus healthy individuals. 232 participants (98 with depression, 134 healthy controls) completed the Persian versions of the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and the Iowa Sleep Experiences Survey (ISES). Depressed patients scored significantly higher on attachment anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and avoidance (<i>p</i> = 0.043), but not on security (<i>p</i> = 0.629), compared to controls. They also reported higher frequencies of general unusual sleep experiences (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and total unusual sleep experiences (<i>p</i> = 0.005), but not lucid dreaming (<i>p</i> = 0.805). In both groups, attachment anxiety and avoidance significantly predicted higher frequencies of total unusual sleep experiences (anxiety: Β = 1.61, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; avoidance: Β = 1.39, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and general sleep experiences (anxiety: Β = 1.27, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; avoidance: Β = 1.01, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance are linked to increased unusual sleep experiences, possibly reflecting disturbances in sleep architecture that are more pronounced in depression. Considering attachment styles may be important when addressing unusual sleep experiences and developing interventions for sleep-related issues in both clinical and non-clinical populations.</p>

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Effect of attachment on unusual sleep experiences in depressed and healthy individuals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月9日

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  • Alireza Shamsi,
  • Nafise Jahangiri zarkani,
  • Ali Kheradmand,
  • Shirinossadat Jalaleddini

摘要

Attachment styles influence mental health and sleep patterns in adulthood, but their relationship with unusual sleep experiences is underexplored. This study investigated how attachment dimensions (secure, anxious, avoidant) relate to the frequency of unusual sleep experiences—including general sleep experiences and lucid dreaming —in depressed patients versus healthy individuals. 232 participants (98 with depression, 134 healthy controls) completed the Persian versions of the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and the Iowa Sleep Experiences Survey (ISES). Depressed patients scored significantly higher on attachment anxiety (p = 0.001) and avoidance (p = 0.043), but not on security (p = 0.629), compared to controls. They also reported higher frequencies of general unusual sleep experiences (p = 0.002) and total unusual sleep experiences (p = 0.005), but not lucid dreaming (p = 0.805). In both groups, attachment anxiety and avoidance significantly predicted higher frequencies of total unusual sleep experiences (anxiety: Β = 1.61, P < 0.001; avoidance: Β = 1.39, P < 0.001) and general sleep experiences (anxiety: Β = 1.27, P < 0.001; avoidance: Β = 1.01, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance are linked to increased unusual sleep experiences, possibly reflecting disturbances in sleep architecture that are more pronounced in depression. Considering attachment styles may be important when addressing unusual sleep experiences and developing interventions for sleep-related issues in both clinical and non-clinical populations.