<p>This study investigates the key factors influencing immigrant entrepreneurship, with a specific focus on the developing context of Iran, which remains underexplored in existing literature. By examining the role of personal motivation, opportunity recognition, and the support systems embedded in host and home country contexts, this research highlights the entrepreneurial pathways shaped by Iran’s socio-economic environment. Drawing on existing theoretical frameworks of immigrant entrepreneurship, the study identifies critical enablers such as social capital, family support, and access to ethnic networks, which together shape entrepreneurial trajectories. Building on and extending these frameworks, the study proposes a four-dimensional conceptual model that integrates micro-level migrant characteristics, macro-level institutional conditions, entrepreneurial typologies, and adaptive agency mechanisms. This model captures how immigrant entrepreneurs in Iran navigate political and economic volatility through hybrid strategies, informal networks, and transnational trust-building practices. The study further demonstrates how entrepreneurial activities are influenced by both push and pull factors, such as economic necessity, business opportunity, and social embeddedness, with a particular emphasis on how these dynamics unfold in developing economies like Iran. The findings underscore the pivotal role of ethnic community networks and localized social capital in providing access to niche markets and facilitating the entrepreneurial process. By incorporating the specific institutional challenges of developing contexts, this research broadens conventional models such as mixed embeddedness and offers a context-sensitive lens for analyzing immigrant entrepreneurship under structural constraints. It provides policy-relevant insights for fostering inclusive support systems that enhance the entrepreneurial capacity of immigrants in similar emerging economies.</p>