The Political Ecology of Contested Land Use Planning in the Context of Urban Livestock Farming and Urban Sprawl in South Africa: The Case of Makhanda Commonage
摘要
Land use tensions are common when there are multiple users and multiple options of what the land can be used for. In many African cities, where politics, economics and culture sharply intersect, land use tensions need to be managed carefully. Through a case study of urban livestock farming community in Makhanda, South Africa, this study seeks to understand the extent to which challenges; particularly land needs of urban livestock farmers in this city, are considered in the local municipality development plans. In particular, there is need to improve understanding of how local municipalities navigate land use tensions within and outside their development plans. The study finds that land needs for livestock grazing on commonage land belonging to the municipality directly conflict with housing demand of the poor, who seek to also gain access to other services offered by the city, such as water and electricity. The study concludes that commonages continue to be primarily promoted for farming by the poor residents, but those priorities are often overtaken by policies and other highly political issues, such as housing.