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<p>This study examined the relationship between traditional male-role beliefs and negative social reactions toward male victims of sexual violence in Japan. While previous research has focused on Western contexts, this study explored how such beliefs shape the perceptions of male victims in a non-Western cultural setting. A vignette-based survey was conducted with 291 Japanese participants (154 women, 137 men, <i>M</i><sub><i>age</i></sub> = 54.02, <i>SD</i><sub><i>age</i></sub> = 17.56), selected after exclusions, with gender and age quotas matched to national census data. Participants completed validated measures, including the Traditional Male Role Scale and the Negative Social Reactions Scale, to assess their adherence to traditional male roles and responses to male victims of sexual assault. The results revealed that traditional male-role beliefs were associated with negative social reactions, including stigma, victim blaming, and egocentric or intrusive responses. The belief in male superiority over women, particularly in sexual contexts, showed the strongest relationship with these reactions (take control: <i>β</i> = 0.42; victim blame: <i>β</i> = 0.32; egocentric: <i>β</i> = 0.35; intrusiveness: <i>β</i> = 0.41). Men were more likely than women to endorse traditional male norms. These findings suggest that rigid gender role expectations contribute to harmful responses toward male victims and that interventions targeting these beliefs might help reduce such reactions.</p>

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Traditional Male Gender Roles and Negative Social Reactions to Male Victims of Sexual Violence in Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Tomoya Mukai

摘要

This study examined the relationship between traditional male-role beliefs and negative social reactions toward male victims of sexual violence in Japan. While previous research has focused on Western contexts, this study explored how such beliefs shape the perceptions of male victims in a non-Western cultural setting. A vignette-based survey was conducted with 291 Japanese participants (154 women, 137 men, Mage = 54.02, SDage = 17.56), selected after exclusions, with gender and age quotas matched to national census data. Participants completed validated measures, including the Traditional Male Role Scale and the Negative Social Reactions Scale, to assess their adherence to traditional male roles and responses to male victims of sexual assault. The results revealed that traditional male-role beliefs were associated with negative social reactions, including stigma, victim blaming, and egocentric or intrusive responses. The belief in male superiority over women, particularly in sexual contexts, showed the strongest relationship with these reactions (take control: β = 0.42; victim blame: β = 0.32; egocentric: β = 0.35; intrusiveness: β = 0.41). Men were more likely than women to endorse traditional male norms. These findings suggest that rigid gender role expectations contribute to harmful responses toward male victims and that interventions targeting these beliefs might help reduce such reactions.