Opportunity, Racialization, and Mobility: Black Continental African Immigrants in Prince Edward Island
摘要
This study examines the experiences of Black continental African immigrants in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, with particular attention to the factors shaping their decisions to relocate elsewhere in the country. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with Black African immigrants, immigration officers, settlement workers, an immigration consultant, an international student advisor, and community advocates, the study explores how economic, social, and racial dynamics influence mobility decisions. Findings indicate that limited employment opportunities, career advancement, and the search for stronger compatriot communities are the primary drivers of relocation. For some participants, PEI also functions as an initial foothold from which they pursue wider opportunities elsewhere in Canada. Two retirement cases further suggest that life-course transitions, family proximity, transnational ties, and ease of travel may shape later-life mobility. Although participants reported subtle and overt racism, most maintained generally positive perceptions of the Island. The study identifies anti-Black African racism as a context-specific articulation of anti-Black racism associated with accent, cultural difference, perceived foreignness, and the devaluation of foreign credentials. Racism was rarely identified as the immediate reason for relocation, but it shaped the broader opportunity structure within which mobility decisions were made. By highlighting migration as a fluid and adaptive process, the study contributes to scholarship on immigrant retention, racialization, and secondary migration in smaller Canadian societies.