<p>The globalization of medical knowledge has accelerated the circulation of traditional healing systems across cultural boundaries. The recent expansion of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in sub-Saharan Africa has attracted increasing scholarly attention. However, little is known about how TCM interacts with the unique medical context of Cameroon and the outcomes for service providers, users, and national health institutions. This study examines the integration of TCM within the multifaceted healthcare system in Cameroon, where biomedicine, traditional medicine, and alternative therapies coexist. It explores how TCM practitioners, patients, and institutions negotiate cultural adaptation, legitimacy, and authority through qualitative fieldwork, semi-structured interviews, and public policy analysis. The findings reveal that the application of TCM in Cameroon involves complex processes of translation, appropriation, and hybridization, leading to therapeutic practices that are locally relevant yet internationally interconnected. The study argues that these dynamics reflect a broader reconfiguration of healthcare systems in the Global South, where transnational collaboration and cultural negotiation are redefining the boundaries of medical knowledge beyond the traditional East–West dichotomy.</p>