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<p>Since 2008, Finland has halved homelessness and reduced long-term homelessness by 70%. This progress has been seen as a systemic change from managing to ending homelessness, with Housing First at its core. However, in 2024, homelessness increased for the first time in over a decade. This shift coincides with a new government, in power since 2023, pursuing a neoliberal agenda marked by fiscal austerity and a move from universal to residual social policy. In homelessness policy, this is reflected in the government’s goal to end long-term homelessness by 2027. The article explores how local actors and advocates resist these top-down pressures, describing their efforts as forms of systemic resilience. It contributes to understanding how social policy systems respond to neoliberal retrenchment whilst defending inclusive and rights-based approaches.</p>

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Recent Transformations in Finnish Homelessness Policy: Neoliberal Pressure and Systemic Resilience

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Juha Kaakinen,
  • Saija Turunen

摘要

Since 2008, Finland has halved homelessness and reduced long-term homelessness by 70%. This progress has been seen as a systemic change from managing to ending homelessness, with Housing First at its core. However, in 2024, homelessness increased for the first time in over a decade. This shift coincides with a new government, in power since 2023, pursuing a neoliberal agenda marked by fiscal austerity and a move from universal to residual social policy. In homelessness policy, this is reflected in the government’s goal to end long-term homelessness by 2027. The article explores how local actors and advocates resist these top-down pressures, describing their efforts as forms of systemic resilience. It contributes to understanding how social policy systems respond to neoliberal retrenchment whilst defending inclusive and rights-based approaches.