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<p>The field of gender studies has recently introduced a new paradigm that deviates from the traditional binary and focuses more on a gender identity that falls between or beyond the binary. Gender diversity got attention from different perspectives of studies. In India, many studies have proven the existence of gender pluralities during the ancient period. It is necessary to trace the existence of transgenderism in the history of Manipuri society because, in the present scenario, they are facing discrimination in different spheres of society and are treated as not a part of Manipuri culture. This study tries to investigate the changing status of transgender individuals throughout the history of Manipuri society. A ‘Structure narrative review’ is conducted to find literature supporting the association of transgenders with the culture of Manipur. Evidence related to the changing status of transgenders in the history of Manipur was collected. Transgenderism is found to be consistently associated throughout the history of Manipur. The terms <i>pheida/pheita</i>, <i>nupa amaibi</i>, <i>nupi saabi</i>, <i>nupi maanbi</i>, etc., have been used in Manipur to describe gender diversity from the ancient period to the modern age. Although they have played a vital role in Manipuri society since ancient times, they remain deprived of basic human rights. This study has uncovered historical records and oral traditions that reveal the use of several terms to identify transgender individuals across various periods. In a society that values diversity, equality, and respect for all people, the inclusion of the transgender community is essential. Institutional recognition and protection of indigenous Manipuri transgender community are integral in safeguarding the cultural heritage of the state. Ensuring legal practices can narrow the gap between laws and lived realities of transgenders within the state. Implementation of targeted health and education policy can lead to overall development by improving mental well-being and reducing dropouts.</p>

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Beyond the Binary: Tracing Transgender’s Cultural Roots and Way to Marginalization in Manipur

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Mayanglambam Umeshwori Devi,
  • Biswajit Das

摘要

The field of gender studies has recently introduced a new paradigm that deviates from the traditional binary and focuses more on a gender identity that falls between or beyond the binary. Gender diversity got attention from different perspectives of studies. In India, many studies have proven the existence of gender pluralities during the ancient period. It is necessary to trace the existence of transgenderism in the history of Manipuri society because, in the present scenario, they are facing discrimination in different spheres of society and are treated as not a part of Manipuri culture. This study tries to investigate the changing status of transgender individuals throughout the history of Manipuri society. A ‘Structure narrative review’ is conducted to find literature supporting the association of transgenders with the culture of Manipur. Evidence related to the changing status of transgenders in the history of Manipur was collected. Transgenderism is found to be consistently associated throughout the history of Manipur. The terms pheida/pheita, nupa amaibi, nupi saabi, nupi maanbi, etc., have been used in Manipur to describe gender diversity from the ancient period to the modern age. Although they have played a vital role in Manipuri society since ancient times, they remain deprived of basic human rights. This study has uncovered historical records and oral traditions that reveal the use of several terms to identify transgender individuals across various periods. In a society that values diversity, equality, and respect for all people, the inclusion of the transgender community is essential. Institutional recognition and protection of indigenous Manipuri transgender community are integral in safeguarding the cultural heritage of the state. Ensuring legal practices can narrow the gap between laws and lived realities of transgenders within the state. Implementation of targeted health and education policy can lead to overall development by improving mental well-being and reducing dropouts.