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<p>In recent years, there has been an increase in right-wing populist governments, with diverse causes and consequences. At one extreme, there were scenes of populist violence that shocked the world, such as the invasions of the American Capitol in 2021 and of <i>Praça dos Três Poderes</i> in the Brazilian capital in 2023. What are the socio-spatial origins and characteristics of the participants in the invasion in Brasília on January 8, 2023, and how do these features shed light on the phenomenon of populist violence? Using a new database produced from the municipalities of individuals implicated in investigations, we tested the recurring explanations for the rise of Bolsonarism —anti-Workers Party sentiment and elements of geography of resentment —to explain the event of January 8. We found a spatial pattern that configures two regions of high density of origin of the participants in populist violence. Furthermore, a significant relationship was verified between the increase in the evangelical population, the percentage of votes for Lula in the second round, and the distance to the Federal District.</p>

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Crisis of Democracy and Violent Populism: The Invasion of Praça dos Três Poderes on January 8, 2023, in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Daniel A. de Azevedo,
  • Aimãn Ibrahim Mourad,
  • Ana Carolina Oliveira Tessmann,
  • Éder Renato Merino

摘要

In recent years, there has been an increase in right-wing populist governments, with diverse causes and consequences. At one extreme, there were scenes of populist violence that shocked the world, such as the invasions of the American Capitol in 2021 and of Praça dos Três Poderes in the Brazilian capital in 2023. What are the socio-spatial origins and characteristics of the participants in the invasion in Brasília on January 8, 2023, and how do these features shed light on the phenomenon of populist violence? Using a new database produced from the municipalities of individuals implicated in investigations, we tested the recurring explanations for the rise of Bolsonarism —anti-Workers Party sentiment and elements of geography of resentment —to explain the event of January 8. We found a spatial pattern that configures two regions of high density of origin of the participants in populist violence. Furthermore, a significant relationship was verified between the increase in the evangelical population, the percentage of votes for Lula in the second round, and the distance to the Federal District.