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Objectives <p>To determine the frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among symptomatic adolescents and to evaluate their clinical and hormonal profiles.</p> Methods <p>Hundred post-menarcheal adolescents with menstrual irregularities, acne, and/or hirsutism were evaluated. Assessment included anthropometry, blood pressure, Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) scoring, acne grading and serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin, and thyroid function tests. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. Participants were categorized as “PCOS” , “at risk of PCOS” , “others” , or “normal” per 2018 International Guidelines. Fifty age-matched healthy adolescents served as controls.</p> Results <p>Among participants, 32% met criteria for PCOS, and 59% for ‘at risk of PCOS’. Compared to ‘at-risk’ adolescents, those with PCOS had significantly higher BMI z-scores, serum LH, LH: FSH ratio, testosterone, and FAI. Over half of the affected adolescents were lean (17/32). Hyperandrogenemia markers (testosterone ≥2.1 nmol/L, FAI ≥97th percentile) and LH: FSH ≥3 were significantly more prevalent in the PCOS group. On multivariable logistic regression, FAI (AOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.33) and SHBG (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.14) were independently associated with PCOS/‘at risk of PCOS’ compared with controls. Among symptomatic adolescents, high FAI (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.56), and LH: FSH ratio (AOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.34–4.42) independently differentiated PCOS from the “at risk of PCOS” group.</p> Conclusions <p>Adolescents with PCOS and those ‘at risk’ represent a spectrum with escalating hormonal abnormalities. Early identification of symptomatic adolescents, including lean individuals, are essential for targeted intervention and reduction of long-term risks.</p>

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Clinical and Hormonal Profile of Adolescents with PCOS and ‘At Risk of PCOS’: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Gamidi Meghana,
  • Anju Seth,
  • Preeti Singh,
  • Pratip Jana,
  • Ritu Singh,
  • Kiran Aggarwal,
  • Vibhu Mendiratta

摘要

Objectives

To determine the frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among symptomatic adolescents and to evaluate their clinical and hormonal profiles.

Methods

Hundred post-menarcheal adolescents with menstrual irregularities, acne, and/or hirsutism were evaluated. Assessment included anthropometry, blood pressure, Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) scoring, acne grading and serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin, and thyroid function tests. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. Participants were categorized as “PCOS” , “at risk of PCOS” , “others” , or “normal” per 2018 International Guidelines. Fifty age-matched healthy adolescents served as controls.

Results

Among participants, 32% met criteria for PCOS, and 59% for ‘at risk of PCOS’. Compared to ‘at-risk’ adolescents, those with PCOS had significantly higher BMI z-scores, serum LH, LH: FSH ratio, testosterone, and FAI. Over half of the affected adolescents were lean (17/32). Hyperandrogenemia markers (testosterone ≥2.1 nmol/L, FAI ≥97th percentile) and LH: FSH ≥3 were significantly more prevalent in the PCOS group. On multivariable logistic regression, FAI (AOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.33) and SHBG (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.14) were independently associated with PCOS/‘at risk of PCOS’ compared with controls. Among symptomatic adolescents, high FAI (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.56), and LH: FSH ratio (AOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.34–4.42) independently differentiated PCOS from the “at risk of PCOS” group.

Conclusions

Adolescents with PCOS and those ‘at risk’ represent a spectrum with escalating hormonal abnormalities. Early identification of symptomatic adolescents, including lean individuals, are essential for targeted intervention and reduction of long-term risks.