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<p>Trogocytosis is a contact-dependent process in which cells extract and internalize membrane fragments and associated molecules from neighboring cells. Although initially observed in immune cells, this phenomenon is now acknowledged as a deliberately orchestrated, meticulously regulated form of intercellular communication. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), trogocytosis influences tumor recognition, modulates intracellular signaling pathways, and shapes the balance between immune activation and suppression. This review summarizes current insights into trogocytosis in the TME, focusing on its role across different adaptive and innate immune cells and how tumor cells exploit this process. This paper discusses how trogocytosis impacts antigen capture, regulates immune checkpoint expression, and modifies the function of effector cells, thereby reshaping antitumor immunity. By integrating mechanistic findings and emerging therapeutic concepts, this review highlights trogocytosis as both a driver of immune dysfunction in cancer and a potential target for strategies aimed at improving immunotherapy outcomes.</p>

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Immune surveillance interrupted: how cancer exploits trogocytosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Zahra Mahmoudi,
  • Hosein Hakimi,
  • Gholamreza Daryabor,
  • Fatemeh Kolahchi,
  • Nasim Kheshtchin

摘要

Trogocytosis is a contact-dependent process in which cells extract and internalize membrane fragments and associated molecules from neighboring cells. Although initially observed in immune cells, this phenomenon is now acknowledged as a deliberately orchestrated, meticulously regulated form of intercellular communication. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), trogocytosis influences tumor recognition, modulates intracellular signaling pathways, and shapes the balance between immune activation and suppression. This review summarizes current insights into trogocytosis in the TME, focusing on its role across different adaptive and innate immune cells and how tumor cells exploit this process. This paper discusses how trogocytosis impacts antigen capture, regulates immune checkpoint expression, and modifies the function of effector cells, thereby reshaping antitumor immunity. By integrating mechanistic findings and emerging therapeutic concepts, this review highlights trogocytosis as both a driver of immune dysfunction in cancer and a potential target for strategies aimed at improving immunotherapy outcomes.