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Background <p>Breast cancer patients, particularly those with stage IV disease, on immunosuppressive therapy, or with comorbidities, may have an impaired immune response to vaccination. This raises concerns about their vulnerability to severe COVID-19. This study evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing severe disease in breast cancer patients.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,470 patients with invasive breast cancer from our institutional database (January 2020 to January 2024). COVID-19 cases were confirmed by RT-PCR or lateral-flow test. Patients were considered vaccinated if they had received at least one dose within the previous 12&#xa0;months. Severe COVID-19 was defined as hospitalization for more than 24&#xa0;h or death from the disease. We analyzed outcomes using a binomial logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders (age &gt; 85, comorbidities, BMI &gt; 35, stage IV cancer, chemotherapy, and care home residence). Vaccine efficacy (VE) was calculated as 100 × (1 – adjusted odds ratio).</p> Results <p>Seventy-eight patients developed severe COVID-19, including 20 fatalities. Vaccinated patients had significantly lower odds of severe disease (adjusted odds ratio: 0.027; VE: 97.3%). Comorbidities and care home residence were also associated with increased risk. In a sub-analysis of cases after vaccine availability (N = 2,437), the adjusted odds ratio was 0.073 (VE: 92.7%), with comorbidities remaining the only significant non-vaccine risk factor. Vaccination uptake in the cohort was high (91.5%).</p> Conclusions <p>COVID-19 vaccination was highly effective at preventing severe disease in breast cancer patients, including those receiving active cancer treatment. The vaccine's efficacy was comparable to, or even higher than, that observed in the general population, suggesting that breast cancer and its treatment do not substantially impair the protective immune response.</p>

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Vaccine efficacy to prevent severe COVID-19 in a cohort of breast cancer patients. brief report

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月15日

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  • Israel Barco,
  • Manel Fraile,
  • Marc Garcia,
  • Claudia Mitru,
  • Antonio García,
  • Carol Chabrera

摘要

Background

Breast cancer patients, particularly those with stage IV disease, on immunosuppressive therapy, or with comorbidities, may have an impaired immune response to vaccination. This raises concerns about their vulnerability to severe COVID-19. This study evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing severe disease in breast cancer patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,470 patients with invasive breast cancer from our institutional database (January 2020 to January 2024). COVID-19 cases were confirmed by RT-PCR or lateral-flow test. Patients were considered vaccinated if they had received at least one dose within the previous 12 months. Severe COVID-19 was defined as hospitalization for more than 24 h or death from the disease. We analyzed outcomes using a binomial logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders (age > 85, comorbidities, BMI > 35, stage IV cancer, chemotherapy, and care home residence). Vaccine efficacy (VE) was calculated as 100 × (1 – adjusted odds ratio).

Results

Seventy-eight patients developed severe COVID-19, including 20 fatalities. Vaccinated patients had significantly lower odds of severe disease (adjusted odds ratio: 0.027; VE: 97.3%). Comorbidities and care home residence were also associated with increased risk. In a sub-analysis of cases after vaccine availability (N = 2,437), the adjusted odds ratio was 0.073 (VE: 92.7%), with comorbidities remaining the only significant non-vaccine risk factor. Vaccination uptake in the cohort was high (91.5%).

Conclusions

COVID-19 vaccination was highly effective at preventing severe disease in breast cancer patients, including those receiving active cancer treatment. The vaccine's efficacy was comparable to, or even higher than, that observed in the general population, suggesting that breast cancer and its treatment do not substantially impair the protective immune response.