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<p>Programmed Death Protein-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that serves as a checkpoint for T cells, playing a pivotal role in regulating T-cell apoptosis. The binding of PD-1 to its ligand, Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), inhibits anti-tumor immunity by suppressing T-cell activation signals. Indeed, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway governs the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint expression is of paramount importance. This review summarizes the mechanisms governing PD1/PD-L1 expression at various stages, including transcription, post-transcription (mRNA processing), and post-translation (protein modifications), as well as immunotherapy targeting PD1/PD-L1, aiming to further explore novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.</p>

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Progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoint proteins PD-1 and PD-L1 expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月8日

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  • Xuanxuan Wu,
  • Zengjun Zhu,
  • Jian Zhang,
  • Maojin Tian,
  • Peiqing Zhao

摘要

Programmed Death Protein-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that serves as a checkpoint for T cells, playing a pivotal role in regulating T-cell apoptosis. The binding of PD-1 to its ligand, Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), inhibits anti-tumor immunity by suppressing T-cell activation signals. Indeed, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway governs the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint expression is of paramount importance. This review summarizes the mechanisms governing PD1/PD-L1 expression at various stages, including transcription, post-transcription (mRNA processing), and post-translation (protein modifications), as well as immunotherapy targeting PD1/PD-L1, aiming to further explore novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.