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<p>Low-cost and non-invasive techniques for productivity analysis in animal science is a thrust area that needs to be validated. Till now, moderate correlations have been reported between milk yield, protein &amp; rumen microbial communities. Current study was conducted to explore and compare the microbial ecology based on dung metagenomics and identify the effect of gut microflora over milk yield of dairy cattle. The milk productivity data of 189 <i>Sahiwal</i> cattle from the Livestock Research Center at ICAR-NDRI was analyzed. Out of these cattle, four cows were selected for each category: high milk yield (7.95–10.06&#xa0;kg/day), low milk yield (1.62–3.73&#xa0;kg/day), &amp; non-lactating control cows with an average milk yield of 5.84&#xa0;kg/day for further study. Physiochemical analysis revealed that low-yield cows had higher carbon and protein content in their milk, while in dung higher levels of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude fiber, and protein as compared to high-yield cows. High-milk-yield cows had a <i>Firmicutes</i> to <i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio of 1.85, which is lower than control group (2.18) &amp; the low-milk-yield group (2.32). Diversity metrics (ACE, Chao, Shannon, &amp; β-diversity) revealed distinct clustering among high-yield, low-yield, &amp; non-lactating groups, as well as between early &amp; late lactation stages. High-milk-yield cows showed a higher relative abundance of <i>Clostridia</i>, <i>Bacteroidia</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, &amp; <i>Fibrobacter</i>, while low-milk-yield cows were relatively abundant with <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, &amp; <i>Prescotella.</i> In high-milk-yield cows, the genera <i>Enterococcus</i> (39%), <i>Aerococcus</i> (8.1%), <i>Streptococcus</i> (7.8%), <i>Clostridium</i> (3.11%), &amp; <i>Lysinibacillus</i> (2.3%) were significantly more abundant compared to non-lactating control &amp; low-milk-yield cows. Significant differences in metabolic pathways were identified between high- &amp; low-milk yield cows. These differences included pathways related to carbohydrate &amp; nitrogen metabolism, energy production &amp; conversion, &amp; the biosynthesis of amino acids, vitamins, &amp; cofactors. Overall, distinct fecal microbial assemblage correlating with milk productivity in dairy cattle was observed, where high-yield cows have a diverse microbiome rich in fiber-digesting &amp; short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, suggesting strong link between the non-invasive metagenomics-based assessments of dung to the milk yield of dairy cattle.</p>

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Metagenomics Approach for Identification of Relationship Between Gut Microbiome and Milk Productivity in Dairy Cattle

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Harmeet Singh Dhillon,
  • Pradip Vishnu Behare,
  • Hogarehalli Mallapa Rashmi,
  • Jai Kumar Kaushik,
  • Sachinandan De,
  • Sachin Kumar,
  • Udeybir Chahal,
  • Ratna Prabha,
  • Anil Kumar Puniya

摘要

Low-cost and non-invasive techniques for productivity analysis in animal science is a thrust area that needs to be validated. Till now, moderate correlations have been reported between milk yield, protein & rumen microbial communities. Current study was conducted to explore and compare the microbial ecology based on dung metagenomics and identify the effect of gut microflora over milk yield of dairy cattle. The milk productivity data of 189 Sahiwal cattle from the Livestock Research Center at ICAR-NDRI was analyzed. Out of these cattle, four cows were selected for each category: high milk yield (7.95–10.06 kg/day), low milk yield (1.62–3.73 kg/day), & non-lactating control cows with an average milk yield of 5.84 kg/day for further study. Physiochemical analysis revealed that low-yield cows had higher carbon and protein content in their milk, while in dung higher levels of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude fiber, and protein as compared to high-yield cows. High-milk-yield cows had a Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio of 1.85, which is lower than control group (2.18) & the low-milk-yield group (2.32). Diversity metrics (ACE, Chao, Shannon, & β-diversity) revealed distinct clustering among high-yield, low-yield, & non-lactating groups, as well as between early & late lactation stages. High-milk-yield cows showed a higher relative abundance of Clostridia, Bacteroidia, Lactobacillus, & Fibrobacter, while low-milk-yield cows were relatively abundant with Gammaproteobacteria, Acinetobacter, & Prescotella. In high-milk-yield cows, the genera Enterococcus (39%), Aerococcus (8.1%), Streptococcus (7.8%), Clostridium (3.11%), & Lysinibacillus (2.3%) were significantly more abundant compared to non-lactating control & low-milk-yield cows. Significant differences in metabolic pathways were identified between high- & low-milk yield cows. These differences included pathways related to carbohydrate & nitrogen metabolism, energy production & conversion, & the biosynthesis of amino acids, vitamins, & cofactors. Overall, distinct fecal microbial assemblage correlating with milk productivity in dairy cattle was observed, where high-yield cows have a diverse microbiome rich in fiber-digesting & short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, suggesting strong link between the non-invasive metagenomics-based assessments of dung to the milk yield of dairy cattle.