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<p>The current study investigates the potent antimicrobial activity of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the methanolic extract of bark of <i>Grewia orbiculata</i>, which is first of its kind. Nanoparticles with size of 62&#xa0;nm and negative potential of −2,2&#xa0;mV were found to be well-shaped spherical in nature through DLS and SEM analysis. FT-IR revealed the presence of many functional groups such as alkyl, aromatic and alkaline groups. Through HR-TEM analysis, lattice spacing was calculated to be 0.18&#xa0;nm which corresponded to the plane family (111, fcc) of metallic silver. Apart from characterization, mechanism of action (MOA) was also evaluated for GO@AgNPs. The concentrations of GO@AgNPs and Methanolic Extract of Bark of <i>Grewia orbiculata</i> (MEB of GO) required to kill MRSA and inhibit its biofilm were equal to their respective MIC. 2 × MIC of nanoparticles and 4 × MIC of MEB of GO was required to eradicate biofilm. At high inoculum, 4 × MIC of MEB of GO and 2 × MIC of GO@AgNPs was required. Lower inoculum required only 0.5 to 0.25 × MIC. Time kill kinetics showed that GO@AgNPs was bactericidal in nature, SEM analysis showed cell membrane damage and aggregation of MRSA and <i>E. coli</i> cells, whereas AFM showed the increased irregular shape, skewness and roughness of the nanoparticle treated MRSA suggesting, cell membrane damage to be the major MOA of GO@AgNPs, which was seconded by DNA leakage assay and potassium efflux assays. Through FOR experiment, post drug effect revealed it is immensely difficult for MRSA to pick resistance towards GO@AgNPs.</p>

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Green Synthesized and Characterized GO@AgNPs from Bark of Grewia orbiculata Combat Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Damaging Cell Membrane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月12日

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  • Suguna Mallesh,
  • Sharan Umesha

摘要

The current study investigates the potent antimicrobial activity of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the methanolic extract of bark of Grewia orbiculata, which is first of its kind. Nanoparticles with size of 62 nm and negative potential of −2,2 mV were found to be well-shaped spherical in nature through DLS and SEM analysis. FT-IR revealed the presence of many functional groups such as alkyl, aromatic and alkaline groups. Through HR-TEM analysis, lattice spacing was calculated to be 0.18 nm which corresponded to the plane family (111, fcc) of metallic silver. Apart from characterization, mechanism of action (MOA) was also evaluated for GO@AgNPs. The concentrations of GO@AgNPs and Methanolic Extract of Bark of Grewia orbiculata (MEB of GO) required to kill MRSA and inhibit its biofilm were equal to their respective MIC. 2 × MIC of nanoparticles and 4 × MIC of MEB of GO was required to eradicate biofilm. At high inoculum, 4 × MIC of MEB of GO and 2 × MIC of GO@AgNPs was required. Lower inoculum required only 0.5 to 0.25 × MIC. Time kill kinetics showed that GO@AgNPs was bactericidal in nature, SEM analysis showed cell membrane damage and aggregation of MRSA and E. coli cells, whereas AFM showed the increased irregular shape, skewness and roughness of the nanoparticle treated MRSA suggesting, cell membrane damage to be the major MOA of GO@AgNPs, which was seconded by DNA leakage assay and potassium efflux assays. Through FOR experiment, post drug effect revealed it is immensely difficult for MRSA to pick resistance towards GO@AgNPs.