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<p>Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are integral to the development of future intelligent transportation systems, with security and privacy issues remaining a primary focus of ongoing. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a double-layer blockchain-assisted conditional privacy-preserving authentication and emergency reporting (DBCPAR) scheme for VANETs. The proposed framework leverages a decentralized message authentication mechanism, mitigating the risks associated with single points of failure in key management while ensuring conditional privacy protection, as transmitted messages do not expose real user identities. Furthermore, a novel key generation process ensures that vehicle users independently generate and retain their private keys, preventing unauthorized access—even in scenarios where attackers collude with trusted authorities. To enhance emergency message authentication, a multi-signature scheme is introduced, ensuring the integrity and reliability of high-priority messages. Additionally, batch verification at Roadside Units (RSUs) significantly improves authentication efficiency. A combination of formal and informal security analyses demonstrates that the proposed scheme can effectively resist various attack scenarios. Finally, the experimental results show that, due to its support for batch verification, DBCPAR demonstrates significant performance advantages. When verifying 10 signed messages, the verification time is reduced by 79.4% compared to BPAS, 83.7% compared to BCGS, and 45.4% compared to BCPPA. These results highlight the efficiency of DBCPAR, with its advantages becoming more pronounced as the number of signatures increases.</p>

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A double-layer blockchain-assisted conditional privacy-preserving authentication and emergency reporting scheme for VANETs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Xiangrong Lu,
  • Xian Guo

摘要

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are integral to the development of future intelligent transportation systems, with security and privacy issues remaining a primary focus of ongoing. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a double-layer blockchain-assisted conditional privacy-preserving authentication and emergency reporting (DBCPAR) scheme for VANETs. The proposed framework leverages a decentralized message authentication mechanism, mitigating the risks associated with single points of failure in key management while ensuring conditional privacy protection, as transmitted messages do not expose real user identities. Furthermore, a novel key generation process ensures that vehicle users independently generate and retain their private keys, preventing unauthorized access—even in scenarios where attackers collude with trusted authorities. To enhance emergency message authentication, a multi-signature scheme is introduced, ensuring the integrity and reliability of high-priority messages. Additionally, batch verification at Roadside Units (RSUs) significantly improves authentication efficiency. A combination of formal and informal security analyses demonstrates that the proposed scheme can effectively resist various attack scenarios. Finally, the experimental results show that, due to its support for batch verification, DBCPAR demonstrates significant performance advantages. When verifying 10 signed messages, the verification time is reduced by 79.4% compared to BPAS, 83.7% compared to BCGS, and 45.4% compared to BCPPA. These results highlight the efficiency of DBCPAR, with its advantages becoming more pronounced as the number of signatures increases.