<p>Pollinators, particularly honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), are indispensable for global food security and ecosystem stability. However, pesticide exposure has emerged as a critical stressor threatening colony survival, with complex ecological and population-level consequences that remain poorly quantified. This study introduces a novel mathematical framework to rigorously analyze the nonlinear dynamics of honeybee colonies under pesticide-induced stress. Our dynamical systems model, based on nonlinear ordinary differential equations, integrates multiple ecological mechanisms often overlooked in previous studies, including logistic growth, social inhibition, and the beekeeping principle known as Farrar’s rule. By conducting an extensive equilibrium, stability, and bifurcation analysis, we identify previously unrecognized threshold effects that dictate colony persistence or collapse. A key theoretical finding is that if pesticide-induced mortality inside the hive surpasses the intrinsic population growth rate, extinction is inevitable. Additionally, we reveal a counterintuitive ecological feedback: hive overcrowding, in combination with pesticide exposure, reduces the foraging workforce, exacerbating colony decline in a way not previously described. These insights provide critical quantitative benchmarks for sustainable pesticide regulation and pollinator conservation. Our study not only advances theoretical ecology by elucidating complex stability transitions in pollinator populations but also delivers practical implications for agroecosystem management. By establishing explicit thresholds for intervention, our findings underscore the urgent need to rethink pesticide policies and conservation strategies to safeguard pollinators and global food systems.</p>