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<p>This study examines how territorial development levels condition the effectiveness of public sustainability investment across Colombian regions (2014–2024). Using panel threshold models and spatial analysis of 32 departments, we identify two development thresholds creating distinct investment–outcome regimes. Medium-development territories show the highest investment returns (β = 0.487), while low-development areas exhibit limited effectiveness (β = 0.132) and high-development regions show diminishing returns (β = 0.283). Mediation analysis reveals that institutional capacity and infrastructure quality are the primary mediating channels through which investment affects socio-environmental resilience. These findings suggest that spatially differentiated investment strategies outperform uniform allocation models in heterogeneous territorial contexts.</p>

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Territorial development thresholds and the spatial effectiveness of sustainability investment: evidence from Colombian regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Mario de la Puente,
  • Jose Torres,
  • Hernan Guzman,
  • Anderson Dominguez,
  • Juan Lamby

摘要

This study examines how territorial development levels condition the effectiveness of public sustainability investment across Colombian regions (2014–2024). Using panel threshold models and spatial analysis of 32 departments, we identify two development thresholds creating distinct investment–outcome regimes. Medium-development territories show the highest investment returns (β = 0.487), while low-development areas exhibit limited effectiveness (β = 0.132) and high-development regions show diminishing returns (β = 0.283). Mediation analysis reveals that institutional capacity and infrastructure quality are the primary mediating channels through which investment affects socio-environmental resilience. These findings suggest that spatially differentiated investment strategies outperform uniform allocation models in heterogeneous territorial contexts.