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<p>This study investigates whether Circular Material Use (CMU) fosters convergence in resource productivity across the 27 European Union (EU) countries, relying on data spanning 2000-2023. Using Phillips and Sul’s club convergence framework, we identify four distinct convergence clubs, demonstrating persistent disparities. Our ordered probit analysis reveals that higher CMU significantly increases a country’s likelihood of belonging to a higher resource productivity club. These findings underscore CMU’s role in bridging resource productivity gaps and emphasize the need for targeted circular economy policies.</p>

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Circular material use and regional club convergence of resource productivity in the European union

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Md Rohidul Islam,
  • Joshua Adeyemi Afolabi

摘要

This study investigates whether Circular Material Use (CMU) fosters convergence in resource productivity across the 27 European Union (EU) countries, relying on data spanning 2000-2023. Using Phillips and Sul’s club convergence framework, we identify four distinct convergence clubs, demonstrating persistent disparities. Our ordered probit analysis reveals that higher CMU significantly increases a country’s likelihood of belonging to a higher resource productivity club. These findings underscore CMU’s role in bridging resource productivity gaps and emphasize the need for targeted circular economy policies.