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<p>Undifferentiated tumors are defined as neoplasms lacking evidence of lineage differentiation on routine light microscopic examination. These tumors, particularly undifferentiated round cell neoplasms, often mimic diverse entities and pose significant diagnostic challenges, especially in small biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemistry serves as a critical tool in elucidating the true nature of such tumors, thereby guiding appropriate clinical management. This review aims to present a practical framework for the selection of informative immunohistochemical markers, propose an algorithmic approach to diagnosis, and highlight common pitfalls encountered in the evaluation of undifferentiated tumors.</p>

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Morphology to Immunohistochemistry: Diagnostic Markers and Molecular Advances in Oral Undifferentiated Tumors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Radhika Ramgundamwar,
  • NDVN Shyam,
  • Kiran Kumar Gundamaraju,
  • Vaishali Narayen,
  • Paremala Konda

摘要

Undifferentiated tumors are defined as neoplasms lacking evidence of lineage differentiation on routine light microscopic examination. These tumors, particularly undifferentiated round cell neoplasms, often mimic diverse entities and pose significant diagnostic challenges, especially in small biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemistry serves as a critical tool in elucidating the true nature of such tumors, thereby guiding appropriate clinical management. This review aims to present a practical framework for the selection of informative immunohistochemical markers, propose an algorithmic approach to diagnosis, and highlight common pitfalls encountered in the evaluation of undifferentiated tumors.