Fungating Metastatic Cervical Lymph Node from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Complexities in Management of Advanced Disease
摘要
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is typically indolent with an excellent prognosis. Rarely, it presents as locally advanced disease with skin involvement or fungation arising from metastatic cervical lymph nodes with extensive extracapsular spread. Such presentations require nuanced management due to significant local invasion and vascularity. These cases provide valuable insights into multidisciplinary strategies for controlling tumour burden, managing complications, and optimising patient outcomes. A 66-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging fungating neck mass associated with bleeding. Imaging revealed a suspicious left thyroid nodule, extensive cervical lymphadenopathy with extracapsular extension, and distant metastases to the lungs, brain, and bones. Biopsy confirmed classic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Given the disseminated metastatic disease and extensive local invasion (T4aN1bM1 disease), surgical intervention was undertaken with palliative intent to control recurrent bleeding, reduce tumour burden, and facilitate wound management. Preoperative embolisation was performed to minimise intraoperative bleeding, followed by debulking surgery and left thyroid lobectomy. Complete resection was not feasible due to extensive involvement of surrounding structures. Reconstruction was achieved using a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap. Fungating metastatic cervical lymph nodes from papillary thyroid carcinoma represent a rare and aggressive manifestation of an otherwise indolent malignancy. Management is challenging and often requires palliative surgery to control bleeding, reduce tumour burden, and restore function.