<p>Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a rare group of aggressive malignant neoplasms arising from mesenchymal stem cells. They are broadly categorised as central and peripheral PNETs based on CNS involvement, with central having a predilection to spread via the CSF pathway. It is mostly seen in childhood, with the most common site being chest wall and an extremely rare occurrence in the head and neck region. In contrast, here we came across a rare case of PNET involving the paranasal sinuses(PNS) in an 8 year old boy who presented with right eye proptosis and epistaxis history. On nasal examination, no apparent mass could be visualised. Radiological evaluation was suggestive of a lobulated heterogeneous expansile lesion involving the right ethmoid and maxillary sinus with bony remodelling, suggestive of an infected mucocele. Hence, the patient was taken up for surgical intervention, biopsy and immunohistochemistry markers from which revealed a diagnosis of PNET. PNETs of the paranasal sinuses are exceedingly rare and often present with nonspecific symptoms, which may delay diagnosis. Imaging findings can closely mimic inflammatory or benign expansile lesions, as seen in the present case. Therefore, histopathological examination supplemented with immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in establishing the diagnosis. Early recognition of such unusual presentations is important, considering the aggressive nature of these tumors and the need for prompt multidisciplinary management.</p>

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Surprise in the Sinus: Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Masquerading as an Infective Mucocele

  • Rajesh R Nayak,
  • Ananya Sinha,
  • Vijendra S Shenoy,
  • Sharada Rai,
  • Sai Giridhar Kamath,
  • Shrutika Singh

摘要

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a rare group of aggressive malignant neoplasms arising from mesenchymal stem cells. They are broadly categorised as central and peripheral PNETs based on CNS involvement, with central having a predilection to spread via the CSF pathway. It is mostly seen in childhood, with the most common site being chest wall and an extremely rare occurrence in the head and neck region. In contrast, here we came across a rare case of PNET involving the paranasal sinuses(PNS) in an 8 year old boy who presented with right eye proptosis and epistaxis history. On nasal examination, no apparent mass could be visualised. Radiological evaluation was suggestive of a lobulated heterogeneous expansile lesion involving the right ethmoid and maxillary sinus with bony remodelling, suggestive of an infected mucocele. Hence, the patient was taken up for surgical intervention, biopsy and immunohistochemistry markers from which revealed a diagnosis of PNET. PNETs of the paranasal sinuses are exceedingly rare and often present with nonspecific symptoms, which may delay diagnosis. Imaging findings can closely mimic inflammatory or benign expansile lesions, as seen in the present case. Therefore, histopathological examination supplemented with immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in establishing the diagnosis. Early recognition of such unusual presentations is important, considering the aggressive nature of these tumors and the need for prompt multidisciplinary management.