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<p>Tumour budding, defined as the presence of single cancer cell(s) or cluster(s) of less than five cancer cells at the invasive front (IF), has been reported in many cancers as a promising prognostic feature. Tumour budding at the IF indicates the dissociation of invasive cancer cells from the main tumour mass. Several recent studies have evaluated the significance of tumour budding in OSCC. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of hypoxia at tumour invasive front and tumour budding in OSCC. Total 50OSCC cases were re-evaluated simultaneously by two observers to assess the presence of TB in the invasive tumour margin. A ‘tumour bud’ was defined as a single cell or a group of fewer than five de-differentiated tumour cells detached from the invasive cancer front. For each case, a preliminary screen was undertaken in order to select the routinely H&amp;E stained slides in which TB identification proved to be easier for the study. Total 18&#xa0;H&amp;E stained slides were selected for study as a group A which were having TB and 12&#xa0;H&amp;E stained slides were taken as control without TB. Total 30 OSCC cases slides were included in study. The corresponding tissue blocks were then used to perform immunohistochemistry by using HIF-1α marker. Data were analysed for probability distribution and were found to be not normally distributed thus, non-parametric tests of significance were applied. Intergroup comparison was done to find the predictive ability of various parameters in predicting tissue budding. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. P-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Tissue hypoxia, cytoplasmic staining intensity, and nuclear density can be used as a predictor of tumour budding in OSCC lesions but nuclear staining intensity cannot be useful for the same. In conclusion, the data presented in this study indicates that OSCC cases with tumor budding are associated with significantly higher levels of HIF-1a and are co-related. The assessment of HIF-1α and tumor budding can be novel parameters for prognosis of OSCC. Although further studies need to be conducted to establish whether tumor budding is a product of increased HIF-1α expression or vice versa.</p>

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Unravelling the Relationship between Hypoxia and Tumor Budding in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Anisha Mullick,
  • Jaya Joshi,
  • Rajesh Kumar Prajapati

摘要

Tumour budding, defined as the presence of single cancer cell(s) or cluster(s) of less than five cancer cells at the invasive front (IF), has been reported in many cancers as a promising prognostic feature. Tumour budding at the IF indicates the dissociation of invasive cancer cells from the main tumour mass. Several recent studies have evaluated the significance of tumour budding in OSCC. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of hypoxia at tumour invasive front and tumour budding in OSCC. Total 50OSCC cases were re-evaluated simultaneously by two observers to assess the presence of TB in the invasive tumour margin. A ‘tumour bud’ was defined as a single cell or a group of fewer than five de-differentiated tumour cells detached from the invasive cancer front. For each case, a preliminary screen was undertaken in order to select the routinely H&E stained slides in which TB identification proved to be easier for the study. Total 18 H&E stained slides were selected for study as a group A which were having TB and 12 H&E stained slides were taken as control without TB. Total 30 OSCC cases slides were included in study. The corresponding tissue blocks were then used to perform immunohistochemistry by using HIF-1α marker. Data were analysed for probability distribution and were found to be not normally distributed thus, non-parametric tests of significance were applied. Intergroup comparison was done to find the predictive ability of various parameters in predicting tissue budding. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Tissue hypoxia, cytoplasmic staining intensity, and nuclear density can be used as a predictor of tumour budding in OSCC lesions but nuclear staining intensity cannot be useful for the same. In conclusion, the data presented in this study indicates that OSCC cases with tumor budding are associated with significantly higher levels of HIF-1a and are co-related. The assessment of HIF-1α and tumor budding can be novel parameters for prognosis of OSCC. Although further studies need to be conducted to establish whether tumor budding is a product of increased HIF-1α expression or vice versa.