<p>Unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) is commonly associated with complaints such as balance impairment, vertigo, dizziness, anxiety, and gaze instability. However, emerging evidence suggests that UVH may also impact higher-order cognitive functions. The vestibular system shares close anatomical and functional connections with cortical areas involved in attention and executive functioning, particularly the prefrontal cortex. Despite these associations, the specific effects of UVH on cognitive processes in adults remain underexplored. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to examine the current literature on the influence of UVH on cognitive functions in adults. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025. The keywords used in the search were: " vestibular system “, " unilateral vestibular hypofunction “, " cognition impairment and vestibular system”. Initially, 56 relevant studies were identified through database searches. Of these, 23 articles were purposefully selected due to their direct focus on cognitive impairments associated with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH). The selection process prioritized studies that offered the most specific and relevant insights into the relationship between UVH and cognitive functions. The selected studies consistently reported that individuals with UVH exhibited significant impairments in selective attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. UVH in adults may lead to subtle but measurable deficits in attention and executive functioning, which are often overlooked in clinical assessments. These findings underscore the need for integrating cognitive screening into vestibular evaluations and for future longitudinal and neuroimaging studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential for rehabilitation.</p>