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<p>Tracheostomy remains an essential intervention in airway management but introduces persistent infectious risks that significantly impact patient outcomes and healthcare resources. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on tracheostomy-associated infections, encompassing pathogen epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, diagnostic innovations, and therapeutic strategies. Multidrug-resistant organisms, particularly <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, predominate, with biofilm-mediated persistence and horizontal gene transfer compounding treatment challenges. Although molecular diagnostics and novel therapies, such as bacteriophage applications and antibiofilm agents, offer promising advances, clinical adoption remains inconsistent due to infrastructural, economic, and regulatory barriers. Preventive strategies, including standardized care bundles and antimicrobial-coated devices, demonstrate potential but lack universal implementation. Major gaps persist in the generation of high-quality clinical trial data, real-world integration of rapid diagnostics, and systematic assessment of patient-centered outcomes. Addressing these challenges through multidisciplinary research and coordinated clinical initiatives is vital to advancing infection control, optimizing patient recovery, and reducing the long-term burden of tracheostomy-associated infections.</p>

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Emerging Trends and Management Challenges in Tracheostomy-Associated Infections: A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Sanjay Kumar,
  • Angshuman Dutta,
  • Srujan Vallur,
  • Khushbu Khushbu,
  • Santosh Singh

摘要

Tracheostomy remains an essential intervention in airway management but introduces persistent infectious risks that significantly impact patient outcomes and healthcare resources. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on tracheostomy-associated infections, encompassing pathogen epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, diagnostic innovations, and therapeutic strategies. Multidrug-resistant organisms, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, predominate, with biofilm-mediated persistence and horizontal gene transfer compounding treatment challenges. Although molecular diagnostics and novel therapies, such as bacteriophage applications and antibiofilm agents, offer promising advances, clinical adoption remains inconsistent due to infrastructural, economic, and regulatory barriers. Preventive strategies, including standardized care bundles and antimicrobial-coated devices, demonstrate potential but lack universal implementation. Major gaps persist in the generation of high-quality clinical trial data, real-world integration of rapid diagnostics, and systematic assessment of patient-centered outcomes. Addressing these challenges through multidisciplinary research and coordinated clinical initiatives is vital to advancing infection control, optimizing patient recovery, and reducing the long-term burden of tracheostomy-associated infections.