Nature of Foreign Body Bronchus and Duration Between Aspiration and Removal Affects Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Study
摘要
Airway foreign bodies are life-threatening pediatric emergencies requiring immediate intervention. Presenting symptoms vary from cough to respiratory distress, and cause complications like atelectasis, pneumonia and respiratory failure. Diagnostic and therapeutic gold standard is rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal under general anesthesia. Limited space, hypoxia, impaction/maceration of foreign body makes it a challenging procedure. i) To document clinical features, findings on imaging, and outcome of treatment in patients with foreign body bronchus. ii) To find out whether nature of foreign body and duration between aspiration and intervention affected outcomes of treatment in terms of complications. We analyzed 101 medical records of foreign body bronchus patients. Majority of patients presented with airway distress. Chest X- Ray findings were documented. Few patients underwent Virtual bronchoscopy. All patients underwent emergency rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal. Location of foreign body, bronchial mucosal status, complications, recovery time were documented and correlated with nature of foreign body and duration in airway with outcome of treatment. Patients were aged between 4 months to 14 years. Right bronchus foreign body was common (76.2%). Most common foreign body was peanut (43.6%). Chest X-ray showed atelectasis in (39.6%) and air trapping in (36.6%). Long standing foreign bodies caused granulations (10.8%) and ulcerations (10.8%). Duration of foreign body in airway had positive correlation with nature of foreign body, mucosal damage, duration of ventilatory support, hospitalization, and complications. Organic foreign bodies had higher complication rate and longer hospitalization. Rigid bronchoscopy using ventilating bronchoscope is life-saving in foreign body bronchus. Virtual bronchoscopy helps diagnose difficult cases. Vegetative foreign bodies and 24 h or more delay in removal following aspiration had higher complication rate and longer hospitalization.