<p>Motivated by the need to understand how leadership and technology jointly drive green and digital transformation in complex, volatile environments, this study examines how transformational leadership fosters “green digital supply chain transformation” and resilience by promoting the adoption of disruptive technologies and aligning green and digital initiatives. Drawing on the “stimulus-organism-response framework”, “resource orchestration perspective”, and “transformational leadership theory”, quantitative data were collected from 324 Saudi Arabian professionals across diverse industrial sectors. Robust statistical analyses, including “partial least squares structural equation modelling”, “combined importance-performance map analysis”, and “necessity condition analysis”, reveal that transformational leadership significantly enhances the adoption of green disruptive technologies and fosters green digital congruence, both of which are critical mediators in achieving resilient and sustainable supply chains. The results highlight a multi-stage pathway that transformational leaders adopt to orchestrate resources and capabilities, thereby improving supply chain resilience. Practical implications suggest that firms should prioritize leadership development, strategic alignment of green and digital goals, and targeted investment in disruptive technologies to build adaptive, sustainable supply chains. However, the study’s cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data may limit causal inference and introduce response bias. Nonetheless, this research advances the theoretical understanding of integrated leadership and technology strategies for supply chain sustainability, providing actionable guidance for managers operating in evolving digital environments.</p>