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<p>Spain’s rapidly ageing population poses significant public health challenges, particularly regarding nutrition and healthy ageing. This scoping literature review is grounded in the social determinants of health (SDOH) framework and aims to examine how key social, relational, and structural factors shape food practices and nutritional outcomes among older adults in Spain. Drawing from 22 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2014 and 2024, the review identifies a set of interrelated determinants influencing nutrition: social relationships, cultural beliefs, lifestyle behaviours, gender differences, and financial conditions. Rather than treating these factors as isolated variables, the analysis emphasises their interdependence within everyday contexts of ageing. Findings indicate that gender relations, social support networks, and household composition are closely associated with dietary practices and nutritional status. Cultural food beliefs and embodied knowledge also play a significant role in shaping dietary decisions, sometimes in tension with biomedical recommendations. While financial constraints are frequently cited as a determinant of nutritional vulnerability, the evidence remains heterogeneous and context-dependent, suggesting that economic explanations alone are insufficient. The review also identifies a persistent gap in qualitative and interdisciplinary research that engages with the lived experiences of older adults in Spain. In theoretical terms, this review advances understanding of nutritional inequality in later life by highlighting how structural conditions, social relations, and cultural meanings interact to shape food practices, moving beyond linear or single-factor explanations.</p>

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Healthy Ageing: A Scoping Review of the Social Determinants of Diet, Food and Nutrition in Spain

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz,
  • Isabella Riccò,
  • Claudia María Anleu-Hernández,
  • Noemí Rodríguez-Kuhanen,
  • Blu Clos-Cirici

摘要

Spain’s rapidly ageing population poses significant public health challenges, particularly regarding nutrition and healthy ageing. This scoping literature review is grounded in the social determinants of health (SDOH) framework and aims to examine how key social, relational, and structural factors shape food practices and nutritional outcomes among older adults in Spain. Drawing from 22 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2014 and 2024, the review identifies a set of interrelated determinants influencing nutrition: social relationships, cultural beliefs, lifestyle behaviours, gender differences, and financial conditions. Rather than treating these factors as isolated variables, the analysis emphasises their interdependence within everyday contexts of ageing. Findings indicate that gender relations, social support networks, and household composition are closely associated with dietary practices and nutritional status. Cultural food beliefs and embodied knowledge also play a significant role in shaping dietary decisions, sometimes in tension with biomedical recommendations. While financial constraints are frequently cited as a determinant of nutritional vulnerability, the evidence remains heterogeneous and context-dependent, suggesting that economic explanations alone are insufficient. The review also identifies a persistent gap in qualitative and interdisciplinary research that engages with the lived experiences of older adults in Spain. In theoretical terms, this review advances understanding of nutritional inequality in later life by highlighting how structural conditions, social relations, and cultural meanings interact to shape food practices, moving beyond linear or single-factor explanations.