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<p>Studies on ethnicity and fertility has been conducted in several countries which found differences of fertility between ethnicities. Investigating ethnic disparities in fertility and gender preferences is imperative in Indonesia’s pluralistic society with over 1,300 ethnics. This study aimed to examine how ethnic differences influence fertility patterns among women of reproductive age (15–49 years). This cross-sectional study utilized the 2020 Indonesian Long Form Population Census microdata, the most extensive demographic dataset in the country’s history. Supplementary data were drawn from the National Socioeconomic Survey 2022, aggregated at the district/city level. Results showed the highest total fertility rate in Indonesia was observed in the ethnic group of Sasak (2.53), Aceh (2.43) and Banten (2.39). Conversely, the lowest Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was recorded in the ethnic group of Chinese (1.49), Madurese (1.92) and Balinese (1.93). In addition, ethnic group of Sasak (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; OR = 8.26), Aceh (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; OR = 5.54), and Minangkabau (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; OR = 1.91) tended to have high fertility or more than two children compared to all women in other ethnicities. Fertility rates vary significantly across ethnic groups in Indonesia, reflecting the association of local cultural norms and values on reproductive behavior. These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive approaches in fertility and family planning policies.</p>

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Ethnic Groups Disparities on Fertility among Indonesian Women Aged 15–49: A Cross-Sectional Study Using National Data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Mario Ekoriano,
  • Agus Joko Pitoyo,
  • Nawawi Nawawi,
  • Yanu Endar Prasetyo,
  • Yuli Puspita Devi,
  • Muthmainnah,
  • Uray Noviandi

摘要

Studies on ethnicity and fertility has been conducted in several countries which found differences of fertility between ethnicities. Investigating ethnic disparities in fertility and gender preferences is imperative in Indonesia’s pluralistic society with over 1,300 ethnics. This study aimed to examine how ethnic differences influence fertility patterns among women of reproductive age (15–49 years). This cross-sectional study utilized the 2020 Indonesian Long Form Population Census microdata, the most extensive demographic dataset in the country’s history. Supplementary data were drawn from the National Socioeconomic Survey 2022, aggregated at the district/city level. Results showed the highest total fertility rate in Indonesia was observed in the ethnic group of Sasak (2.53), Aceh (2.43) and Banten (2.39). Conversely, the lowest Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was recorded in the ethnic group of Chinese (1.49), Madurese (1.92) and Balinese (1.93). In addition, ethnic group of Sasak (p < 0.001; OR = 8.26), Aceh (p < 0.001; OR = 5.54), and Minangkabau (p < 0.001; OR = 1.91) tended to have high fertility or more than two children compared to all women in other ethnicities. Fertility rates vary significantly across ethnic groups in Indonesia, reflecting the association of local cultural norms and values on reproductive behavior. These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive approaches in fertility and family planning policies.