<p>This study examines the impact of retirement on healthcare utilization in rural Vietnam, using longitudinal data from the Thailand Vietnam Socio-Economic Panel (TVSEP). With Vietnam’s rapidly aging population and the majority residing in rural areas, understanding how retirement influences healthcare utilization is critical. The analysis employs various econometric methods, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Probit, and Random Effects (RE) models, to evaluate key healthcare utilization outcomes: serious diseases, doctor visits, and inpatient care. Findings reveal retirement significantly increases healthcare utilization across three healthcare utilization measurements. Additionally, the effects are particularly pronounced among male retirees and those engaged in farming activities. In contrast, female and non-farm retirees show no statistically significant changes in use of healthcare utilization. These disparities highlight the role of socioeconomic and gender factors in shaping healthcare behaviors post-retirement. The study highlights the need for targeted policies, such as expanding rural healthcare infrastructure and enhancing social health insurance, to address inequities and support the well-being of Vietnam’s rural retirees.</p>