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<p>Identifying the key factors influencing healthcare resource distribution is crucial for advancing universal health coverage (UHC) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there remains a lack of empirical evidence based on nationwide, fine-grained spatial panel data in China. This study examines the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of hospital beds and doctors across China’s prefectural cities, using spatial panel data from 2007 to 2022. Results show that, first, despite persistent spatial inequality, the level and equality of healthcare resources in China have steadily improved over the past years. Second, spatial panel data econometrics analyses show that the distribution of healthcare resources per capita is jointly influenced by public fiscal capacity, city support capacity, healthcare delivery system and population demand factors. Finally, findings highlight the roles of fiscal revenue-expenditure responsibilities and the “<i>tiao</i>” systems such as medical schools and military affiliated hospitals, as well as the potential neglect of floating population’s healthcare needs. In conclusion, this research provides robust evidence to support healthcare resource allocation and policymaking in China.</p>

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Identifying the influencing factors of healthcare resource distribution based on spatial panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China, 2007–2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Cheng Liu,
  • Yuanhui Wang,
  • Yingqi Han,
  • Yuchenxi Song,
  • Zhuolin Tao

摘要

Identifying the key factors influencing healthcare resource distribution is crucial for advancing universal health coverage (UHC) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there remains a lack of empirical evidence based on nationwide, fine-grained spatial panel data in China. This study examines the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of hospital beds and doctors across China’s prefectural cities, using spatial panel data from 2007 to 2022. Results show that, first, despite persistent spatial inequality, the level and equality of healthcare resources in China have steadily improved over the past years. Second, spatial panel data econometrics analyses show that the distribution of healthcare resources per capita is jointly influenced by public fiscal capacity, city support capacity, healthcare delivery system and population demand factors. Finally, findings highlight the roles of fiscal revenue-expenditure responsibilities and the “tiao” systems such as medical schools and military affiliated hospitals, as well as the potential neglect of floating population’s healthcare needs. In conclusion, this research provides robust evidence to support healthcare resource allocation and policymaking in China.