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<p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased exposure to water bodies positively impacted residents’ mental health in densely populated urban areas under lockdown. However, the effects during the transition from strict lockdown to reopening within this context remain understudied. This study employed a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) with a dataset (N = 2,545) from Beijing and Shanghai to investigate the impact of the COVID containment policy on mental health proxied by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), self-rated happiness and health. Subgroup analyses examined the variation in effects based on exposure to water bodies. The findings confirm that the policy adjustment did not significantly promote residents’ mental health. Proximity to water bodies also showed no significant effect. Residents without waterfront spaces visits presented higher CES-D scores after the policy change, whereas visual exposure to water bodies through home windows significantly lowered CES-D scores. However, residents visited parks with high-quality water features reported poorer self-rated health (SRH), while those without such exposure experienced increased self-assessed happiness after the policy intervention. These findings underscore the crucial role of different urban water bodies in buffering the mental impacts during major policy changes, highlighting their significance in urban planning and promoting well-being promotion strategies.</p>

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How COVID-19 Policy Shift Affects Mental Wellbeing? Assessing the Effect Heterogeneity of Urban Water Body Exposures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Longfeng Wu,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Chenjie Jia,
  • ChengHe Guan

摘要

During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased exposure to water bodies positively impacted residents’ mental health in densely populated urban areas under lockdown. However, the effects during the transition from strict lockdown to reopening within this context remain understudied. This study employed a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) with a dataset (N = 2,545) from Beijing and Shanghai to investigate the impact of the COVID containment policy on mental health proxied by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), self-rated happiness and health. Subgroup analyses examined the variation in effects based on exposure to water bodies. The findings confirm that the policy adjustment did not significantly promote residents’ mental health. Proximity to water bodies also showed no significant effect. Residents without waterfront spaces visits presented higher CES-D scores after the policy change, whereas visual exposure to water bodies through home windows significantly lowered CES-D scores. However, residents visited parks with high-quality water features reported poorer self-rated health (SRH), while those without such exposure experienced increased self-assessed happiness after the policy intervention. These findings underscore the crucial role of different urban water bodies in buffering the mental impacts during major policy changes, highlighting their significance in urban planning and promoting well-being promotion strategies.