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<p>Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with high infantile mortality, if untreated. Survival into adulthood is exceptional and typically depends on extensive inter-coronary collateral circulation. We present a 37-year-old asymptomatic man in whom ALCAPA was discovered incidentally during evaluation for a non-cardiac cerebrovascular event. Imaging revealed global left ventricular hypokinesia, reduced systolic function (ejection fraction 30–35%), and markedly dilated right coronary artery (RCA). Surgical repair was performed with saphenous vein grafting following ostial closure of the anomalous left main coronary artery (LMCA). At 6-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic despite persistent left ventricular dysfunction. While surgery provides definitive restoration of dual coronary perfusion and protection against sudden cardiac death, some patients remain stable without intervention. A risk-stratified approach is therefore warranted, balancing operative risk, collateral circulation, and ischemic burden. Individualized decision-making, guided by multimodal imaging and clinical risk assessment, is essential in this rare but clinically significant anomaly.</p>

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Surgical intervention in an incidentally diagnosed adult ALCAPA in the fourth decade or later—operate or observe?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Sagnik Chakraborty,
  • Vikas Ahlawat,
  • Mohit Rana,
  • Suruchi Ladha,
  • Rakesh Varma,
  • Anshika Gulati,
  • Balram Airan

摘要

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with high infantile mortality, if untreated. Survival into adulthood is exceptional and typically depends on extensive inter-coronary collateral circulation. We present a 37-year-old asymptomatic man in whom ALCAPA was discovered incidentally during evaluation for a non-cardiac cerebrovascular event. Imaging revealed global left ventricular hypokinesia, reduced systolic function (ejection fraction 30–35%), and markedly dilated right coronary artery (RCA). Surgical repair was performed with saphenous vein grafting following ostial closure of the anomalous left main coronary artery (LMCA). At 6-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic despite persistent left ventricular dysfunction. While surgery provides definitive restoration of dual coronary perfusion and protection against sudden cardiac death, some patients remain stable without intervention. A risk-stratified approach is therefore warranted, balancing operative risk, collateral circulation, and ischemic burden. Individualized decision-making, guided by multimodal imaging and clinical risk assessment, is essential in this rare but clinically significant anomaly.