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<p>Small-scale photovoltaic (PV) installations purchased by private investors (households) play a key role in efforts toward carbon neutrality. Understanding their specific motivations and different decision-making processes is critical for supporting their participation and enabling better-targeted policymaking. Based on a sample of 2,565 responses in Czechia, this paper employs Latent Class Analysis to uncover distinct subgroups among private PV investors. Six unique investor profiles emerged: Environmentalists (6% of the sample), Pragmatic Environmentalists (22%), Economists (16%), Self-sufficients (17%), Technicians (5%), and Indeterminate (34%). Environmentalists, who place the highest importance on the Environmental factor, show strong trust in the transition of decarbonization and tend to be younger and more educated. Pragmatic Environmentalists equally value Environmental and Economic factors and display higher trust in government. Economists and Technicians have strong opinions, each focusing on a single decision-making factor (Economic and Technical, respectively), and state that their perspective on renewables has stayed the same. Self-sufficients prioritize economic and technical independence. The Indeterminate group, typically older investors, shows weak opinions and often purchases PV systems alongside broader house renovations. The findings provide detailed insights into investor diversity, highlighting the need for targeted policies and communication strategies that reflect specific motivations to accelerate the sustainable energy transition.</p>

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Knock, knock! Who's there? A latent class typology of household photovoltaic investors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Michaela Makešová,
  • Michaela Valentová,
  • Matouš Pilnáček

摘要

Small-scale photovoltaic (PV) installations purchased by private investors (households) play a key role in efforts toward carbon neutrality. Understanding their specific motivations and different decision-making processes is critical for supporting their participation and enabling better-targeted policymaking. Based on a sample of 2,565 responses in Czechia, this paper employs Latent Class Analysis to uncover distinct subgroups among private PV investors. Six unique investor profiles emerged: Environmentalists (6% of the sample), Pragmatic Environmentalists (22%), Economists (16%), Self-sufficients (17%), Technicians (5%), and Indeterminate (34%). Environmentalists, who place the highest importance on the Environmental factor, show strong trust in the transition of decarbonization and tend to be younger and more educated. Pragmatic Environmentalists equally value Environmental and Economic factors and display higher trust in government. Economists and Technicians have strong opinions, each focusing on a single decision-making factor (Economic and Technical, respectively), and state that their perspective on renewables has stayed the same. Self-sufficients prioritize economic and technical independence. The Indeterminate group, typically older investors, shows weak opinions and often purchases PV systems alongside broader house renovations. The findings provide detailed insights into investor diversity, highlighting the need for targeted policies and communication strategies that reflect specific motivations to accelerate the sustainable energy transition.